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Risk Assessment in Machine Safety: A Step-by-Step Guide

29 Dec 2025

Machine safety is an integral part of production processes. The 2006/42/EC Machinery Directive requires manufacturers to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment before placing their machines on the market. In this article, we explain step by step how to conduct a risk assessment.

Risk Assessment in Machine Safety: A Step-by-Step Guide

Why Is Risk Assessment Necessary?

Risk assessment aims to identify hazards that may arise throughout the entire life cycle of the machine and to take measures to eliminate or reduce these hazards.

Risk assessment is mandatory in the following situations:

  • New machine design and manufacturing
  • Modifications to existing machines
  • Using the machine for a different purpose
  • During the CE marking process

Risk Assessment Steps

Step 1: Determining the Limits of the Machine

First, the usage limits of the machine must be clearly defined:

  • Intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse
  • Mechanical and physical limits
  • Service life
  • Environmental conditions

Step 2: Hazard Identification

Hazards that may arise throughout the entire life cycle of the machine are identified:

  • Mechanical hazards (crushing, cutting, entanglement)
  • Electrical hazards
  • Thermal hazards
  • Noise and vibration
  • Ergonomic hazards

Step 3: Risk Estimation

The risk level is calculated for each hazard. Risk is a combination of the following factors:

  • Severity of harm
  • Probability of exposure to harm
  • Possibility of avoiding the hazard

Step 4: Risk Evaluation

It is evaluated whether the calculated risks are at acceptable levels. Measures must be taken for unacceptable risks.

Step 5: Risk Reduction Measures

Risks are reduced using a 3-tier method:

  1. Inherently safe design: Elimination of hazardous design elements
  2. Protective measures: Guards, safety devices, ESPE systems
  3. Information: Warning signs, user manuals, training

What Is PL (Performance Level)?

The PL level, which determines the reliability of safety functions, is classified from 'a' to 'e' according to EN ISO 13849-1 standard. The required PL level determined as a result of risk assessment should not be lower than the PL level of the selected safety components.

The Role of EUTEST

At EUTEST, we offer comprehensive services in machine safety:

  • Risk assessment consultancy
  • PL level controls
  • ESPE measurements
  • LVD tests
  • CE marking certification

With our Notified Body status and expert staff, we ensure that your machines fully meet safety requirements.

Conclusion

Risk assessment is the foundation of machine safety. A properly conducted risk assessment both protects your employees and ensures that you fulfill your legal obligations. At EUTEST, we are by your side throughout this process.

Together, we are creating a safer world!